An investigation into the status of early-stage fish resources was carried out at the Jianli section, in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River, from May to July in 2018 and 2019. The survey focused on the changes in species composition of fish eggs and larvae, the amount of eggs and larvae, spawning site, and the ecological hydrology index following the experimental ecological operation of the Three Gorges Reservoir. About 49 species of fish eggs and larvae belonging to 14 families and 7 orders were identified, and among these fish, there were 26 species spawning drifting eggs. (44.9% of the total count) was shown to have an absolute advantage in the species composition of larvae, followed by sp. (12.5%). In 2018, it was estimated that the total runoff of fish eggs and larvae were 33.3×10⁸ ind and 324.2×10⁸ ind, respectively. In 2019, there were 35.9×10⁸ ind and 1140.7×10⁸ ind, respectively. The Jianli section has become an important spawning ground for , and other fish. Ecological regulation played an obvious role in promoting the natural reproduction of at the Jianli section. There was a positive correlation between the quantity of fish eggs and the time of flow increase, and a positive correlation between the quantity of fish eggs and the flow increase. When the duration of flow increase is four or more days, and the flow increase is 3500 m³/s or more, the spawning quantity could account for more than 8.4% of the annual survey total. We suggest continuing and optimizing the ecological flow scheduling to strengthen basic research on early-stage fish resources at the Jianli section.