黄河三角洲国家级自然保护区水域春夏季游泳动物群落结构特征
作者:
作者单位:

1.中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所;2.山东黄河三角洲国家级自然保护区管理委员会

中图分类号:

S931

基金项目:

农业农村部财政专项“黄河渔业资源与环境调查”;东营市科技创新重大专项(2023ZDJH102)

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    摘要:

    为了解黄河三角洲国家级自然保护区水域游泳动物的种类组成、群落结构及其多样性,本研究于2023年夏季和2024年春季开展了黄河三角洲南部自然保护区水域游泳动物调查,共采集到游泳动物34种,隶属于6目15科34属,鱼类27种,甲壳类7种,其中鱼类以鲤形目为主(16种);生态类型上,以淡水型为主(24种),近海型6种,河口型3种,洄游型1种。相对重要性指数(IRI)显示,刺网渔获物优势种以淡水鱼类为主,地笼渔获物优势种包含了甲壳类。单位捕捞努力量总渔获质量和数量(刺网和地笼合计)春季均高于夏季。刺网调查,Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(H )、Pielou种类均匀度指数(J)和Margalef物种丰富度指数(D)春季均高于夏季;而地笼调查,以上三个指数夏季均高于春季。丰度/生物量曲线表明,黄河三角洲南部自然保护区水域游泳动物群落结构受到一定程度的干扰,夏季干扰强度大于春季。等级聚类结果显示,在一定的相似性水平上,黄河三角洲南部自然保护区水域游泳动物群落划分为不同的组群,表明鱼类群落结构组成分布存在一定差异。本研究提供了黄河三角洲南部自然保护区水域游泳动物资源现状的基础数据,为该区域的保护策略制定提供了数据支撑。

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  • 收稿日期:2025-04-17
  • 最后修改日期:2025-06-23
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